Love 2023
Dehradun February 2023 Vol. XVI
Issue No. 182
Readers are
requested to send reports of philatelic activities in their area for
publication. Short write-ups by the readers about, societies, publications, and
philatelic requirements can be sent for inclusion in this bulletin to the
editor: j.jyoti9@gmail.com
Note- This bulletin is
only for circulation among a limited group of philatelists without any
commercial purpose. The bulletin will be sent to the readers only on request.
Those who wish to receive it regularly please reply giving the name of your
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Special Issues for Valentine’s Day - Symbol
of Love 2023
Editorial….
Dear Reader,
I am pleased
to present the February 2023 issue of Rainbow Stamp News. The countdown for AMRITPEX
2023 National Philatelic Exhibition begins. This exhibition is going to be
exclusive for all philatelists and visitors with new events, activities, and
other important philatelic programs like the presentation of awards by India Post to the eminent philatelists for the promotion of philately. Best wishes
to all the participants and the entire AMRITPEX 2023 team for a very successful and
grand event. I am sure all the visitors will have a unique experience at the
show. For the whole philatelic community, it is a big opportunity to meet
philatelists from different parts of the country and find new philatelic items for their
collection and the best time for the philatelic dealers to do brisk business.
All the very best to each and every one.
Have a
wonderful time at Amritpex 2023 ! Looking forward to meeting you all at the great philatelic show.
This is all for this month. More in the next issue.
Happy
Collecting!
Contents
- Editorial
- From the Desk of Naresh Agrawal
- Recent Indian Issues
- In The News
- Specialized Section
- Beginners’ Section
- New Issues from Other Countries
- Philatelic Clubs and Society
- Blogs & Websites on Philately
- Current Philatelic Magazines & Newsletters
AMRITPEX 2023 : THE MAGICAL WORLD OF STAMPS
So, friends, I feel all of you must be ready to visit the great Indian National
Stamp Show in New Delhi i.e. AMRITPEX 2023 for which only a few days are left
to start. All preparation such as travel and stay arrangements, information
gathering from close friends about their visit, thorough checking of your
collections, preparing a list of requirements, sparing material for sale and
exchange, purchasing gifts for friends… I mean visiting this stamp this show is just like visiting a great festival.
While
I talk about this show, I just go down memory lane and stop at the last
exhibition held here in New Delhi in 2011. It was Indipex 2011, World
Exhibition. I was lucky enough to be one of the participants with my exhibit on
Automobiles. But believe me, I traveled the whole world, traveled the entire
history of automobiles and transport through the beautiful exhibits there on
these subjects displayed under one roof. The five days journey was
unforgettable. The show was just marvelous… nothing less.
Friends,
visiting the halls of Pragati Maidan is just a beautiful experience. These are
so big, magnificent, well-lighted, fully carpeted, had nice acoustics, light
music on throughout the day, centrally air-conditioned, had suitable exits and
entries, and are well secured. And with this facility, the halls had the world’s selected
best collections on display. Just imagine and feel the peace, the charm, the
pleasure, and the aroma of stamps. You know when I passed through the frame
watching exhibition sheets, I felt as if each and every stamp talked with me. A
few just laughed, a few were serious too and a few just walked with me and a
few walked away with me in my mind…. memory.
The show was just like a beautiful dream, of course. Here I felt
philately is not a collection of small colorful paper pieces but it is to have an emotional bonding with them, living with them, to understand their feeling.
Every non-living thing in the world is composed of living organisms. So, stamps have life… you just need to feel. And believe me, Pragati
Maidan is going to serve you that atmosphere, that platform to feel the stamps.
Dealers’ booths were well placed. Believe me
or not beautiful faces added to the charm of the show. The smiles that passed
through added to my joy. Just imagine
your good friends meeting you, chatting, talking, and discussing. A few having
hands on shoulders, a few hugging…. I mean a total atmosphere filled with love,
and pleasure all through. All around a magnetic charisma. A joyful world inside
the halls… for me just a paradise of stamp lovers.
While
I am talking about the venue, the Pragati Maidan has magnificent large open
lawns with the soothing fragrance of colorful flowers, wide passages, and pavements
the outer area of the halls also attracts everyone. You know visiting
inside is of course good but sitting outside with stock books in hand, sitting
on the green glass or the desks placed there and sharing the experiences with
friends, turning the pages of the Jhola seller's stock books, and enjoying the
bargains with them.
Well,
I must say you all should visit there for a day or two if not for the full five
days. Enjoy the aroma of stamps inside and the fragrance of flowers outside. Have a
feel of the love-filled bonding of stamp lovers. People say time runs faster on
Mount Kailash but I say time runs even faster when you enter the exhibition
halls. Time is too less for the exhibitor, visitors, and stamp lovers there. But
one should experience this magic……. the magic of stamps, the magical and joyous
world of stamps. The best thing is that everyone welcomes everyone. You will see people lost in the frame.
Believe me or not just go there, open your arms and look at the stamps on the
frame and see the magic….
But for that, you all have to visit…So, friends let us meet there in the paradise of stamps. the magical world. Only a few days left.
Looking
forward to meeting you all…..
Recent Indian
Issues
12
December 2022 : Pa Togan Sangama - Rs 5
13
December 2022 : Sardar School, Jodhpur – Rs 5
13
December 2022 : Shri Aurbindo 150th Birth Anniversary- Rs150
31
December 2022 : Visamanbapu – Rs 5
9
January 2023 : Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas – Rs 5
23
January 2023 : Major Durga Mall - Rs 5
25 January 2023 : India - Egypt Joint Issue MS – Rs 30 with Stamps 2x Rs.5
2
February 2023 : Ram Chand Maharaj-Rs 15
4
February 2023 : General K.S. Thimayya – Rs 5
New Special Covers
3 January 2023 : The
Institute of Mathematical Sciences – 60 years: Taramani
4 January 2023 : 18th
National Jamboree, Pali, Rajasthan
5 January 2023 :
Celebrating 60 Years of Pharmacy Education
23 January 2023 :
Shrimad Jinendra Panchakalyanak Pratishtha Mahotsav
New Special Cancellations
30 January 2022 : Martyr’s Day
23 January
2023 : Parakram Diwas
Makar Sankranti Greetings 13 January 2023
Bengaluru
Cuttack
14 January 2023
Hockey
World Cup from Orissa
Postal Circle
Bhubaneshwar/Raurkela
In the News
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates 17th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention in
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Releases of a commemorative postage stamp "Surakshit Jayen, Prashkshit Jayen ".
The Prime
Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the 17th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
Convention in Indore, Madhya Pradesh on January 9, 2023. The Prime Minister
released a commemorative postal stamp ‘Surakshit Jaayen, Prashikshit Jaayen’
and also inaugurated the first-ever digital PBD Exhibition on the theme ‘Azadi
Ka Amrit Mahotsav - Contribution of Diaspora in Indian Freedom Struggle’. Pravasi
Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention is the flagship event of the Government of
India that provides an important platform to engage and connect with overseas
Indians and enable the diaspora to interact with each other.
New record by Hyderabad Philatelist in Limca Book of Records 2023
Dr. Upender Vennam ( b.14 December 1971) from
Hyderabad, Telangana, a passionate philatelist for many years has 1073 items
of philatelic material from 100 countries exclusively on famous poets, writers, and authors, including all Nobel laureates in the literature up to 2017 along with a
few Jnanpith Award winners.
Honour for philatelist
Chief Minister of Madhya
Pradesh Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan honored Lion Sudhir Jain at a grand function
organized on the occasion of Satna Gaurav Diwas in Satna today. Lion Sudhir
Jain was felicitated on the occasion of his important collections being included
in the Limca Book of Records and being elected as the Vice District Governor of
the Lions Club. The program director invited Mr. Sudhir Jain and said that he
is the country's senior collector of postage stamps, newspapers, currency
notes, matchboxes, coins etc. He has been awarded in many international
exhibitions and is the first Limca Book of Records holder in the district.
Notice of PCI General Meeting at Amritpex 2023
A General Meeting of Members will be held at the Seminar Room in Hall No. 5 at
the below venue, as per the details below :
Date : 14th February 2023
Time : 1600 Hrs to 1700 Hrs
Venue : Seminar Room, Hall No. 5, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
Registration : 1600 - 1615 Hrs.
NZ 2023
NZ 2023 The 38th Asian International Stamp Exhibition is being held
under the patronage of the Federation of Inter-Asian Philately (FIAP) from May
4 to 7, 2023 in Auckland, New Zealand. Participation is open in all Classes -
FIAP Championship, Traditional, Postal History, Postal Stationery,
Aerophilately, Astrophilately, Thematic, Maximaphily, Revenues, Modern
Philately, Open Philately, Picture Postcards, One Frame, and Youth.
The National
Commissioner for India is Mr Madhukar Jhingan, mj@stampsofindia.com
IBRA 2023
IBRA 2023 and 33st International Stamp Fair will
be held at Hall 1 and 2, Messe Essen, Germany from 25 to 28 May, 2023. Mr.
Madhukar Jhingan is National
Commissioner for India for the IBRA 2023.: Email: mj@stampsofindia.com (M) +91-9811160965
IBRA
2023 is being organized by the German Federation of Philatelists (BDPh) under
the Patronage of International Philatelic Federation (FIP) With a capacity of
2800 display frames, IBRA 2023 is the first General World exhibition since
2019, with participation open in all Classes - FIP Championship, Traditional,
Postal History, Postal Stationery, Aerophilately, Astrophilately, Thematic,
Maximaphily, Revenues, Modern Philately, Open Philately, Picture Postcards, One
Frame, Youth, and Philatelic Literature.
New Rates for the issue of Special Cover
i) Special Cover: An Event lnstitution /Personality(Posthumously)/Occasion/Product etc. which is not considered important enough to be commemorated by issue of a Commemorative/Special stamp or for which a stamp cannot be accommodated in the annual Stamp issue programme may be commemorated by the Department of Posts by issue of Special Cover which can be cancelled with a special cancellation of the post office identified for the purpose.
ii) Such covers are issued at the instance of an entity which has a locus on the subject on which the Special Cover is proposed to be issued, if applied two months in advance of the proposed date of issue in prescribed Proposal form (Annex) on payment of requisite charges. Department of Posts may also issue Special Covers on its own motion.
iii) Special Cancellation: Besides Special Covers, the proposals for the issuance of only Spl. Cancellations to commemorate an Event / lnstitution / Personality (Posthumously) 7 Occasion /Product etc. can also be considered for approval. 2.
iv) Subiects on which Special Covers can be issued: As an illustration the Special Covers/Spl. Cancellations can be issued on the following subjects:
v)
i)
Events e.g. international Trade fair, Philatelic Exhibition, Graduation
Ceremony etc. ii) institutions e.g. to commemorate its Anniversary, foundation
day, Annual Day etc iii) Personalities (Posthumously) who had contributed the
society in the field of art, culture, music, education, social reforms, social
services, science & technology etc. iv) Occasion e.g. First flight, international
days & weeks etc. v) Products e.g. G I Tagged Products, Handicrafts,
Handloom, Artefacts etc. vi) Flora, Fauna, Agriculture, Nature, Wild Life,
Planet, Animals etc. The above is an illustration list not an exhaustive one,
for the guidance of various authorities competent to approve such proposals.
Obituary
Noted
stamp dealer, Shri Ram Awatar Jain of Ahmedabad passed away on 8th January
2023. May his soul rest in peace. Deepest condolences!
Amritpex 2023 Philatelic Exhibition
Department of Posts is organizing AMRITPEX-2023
(National Philatelic Exhibition) from 11th February 2023 to 15th February 2023, to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of Independence.
Message from Madhukar Deogawanka, President-Elect PCI
AMRITPEX 2023 Mahakumbh of Philately in India is just going to begin in a few days in New Delhi and is being organized by the Department of Posts with support from the Philatelic Congress of India. In 2011 the venue staged INDIPEX 2011 World Philatelic Exhibition FIP show which was a great success. The philatelists and stamp lovers who worship stamps would find this a most suitable and long awaiting place to visit. One would find people from all over the country and from abroad as well visiting the show. A huge number of exhibit frames will be on display covering all the classes of philately as various rarities, classics, and gems of philately will be on display. Various activities associated with Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsava will be held to celebrate the 75th year of independence. I appeal to all the stamp lovers and the people of India to visit this show and make it a big success.
Mr. Madhukar Deogawanka is a well-known name in the Indian philatelic fraternity.
He has established a record of winning a GOLD MEDAL three times consecutively in
Literature class for his book titled “Indian Stamp Booklets” in his last international
exhibitions. He is the first Indian to do so. He has several National and
international awards to his credit. Rainbow is pleased to publish his message at
the onset of Amritpex 2023, National Philatelic Exhibition.
List of Selected Exhibitors for Amritpex 2022 Class1-15
List of Selected Exhibitors (AKAM Class)
Specialized
Section
LOOKING
INTO AZAD HIND STAMPS OF INA
INA’s “Springing Tiger Mono ”
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND :
Contd. from the last issue ….
Azad Hind Stamps
PRINTING AND PRODUCTION :
It is
estimated that in all 12 million pieces of AZAD HIND stamps had been printed –
the higher denomination being lesser in number than the lower ones. While the
other denominations were printed in single colors, it is thought, from the top
value i.e., 1r.+2r. there was a plan to have printed it in multiple colors viz
black, orange, and green was first adopted. But later after initial runs of the
print machine, from consideration of economy, the third color i.e., Green was
omitted and later even the second color i.e., orange was left out. This would
explain the existence of the stamp in three separate color combinations viz,
black, black, and orange & Black, orange and green. It would seem, the same
considerations might have dictated the production of lower denomination stamps in
the series, first with normal perforations and later without perforations, and
the 1r+2r issue imperforate only.
According to the information gathered, all stamps were printed by photogravure in sheets of 100.A million copies of the lower denominations were produced, with a further half million of the higher values, except for the 1 + 2 Rupee stamp, of which only 13,500 were printed in three color varieties. In totality, about 12 million stamps are said to have been printed & gummed by the Reichsdruckerei
The perforation is measured as under:
PERFORATION : 9 1/2 : 10 - 10 1/2 - 10 1/2 : 9 1/2 - 11 :
10 1/2 (10mm to 12mm)
WATERMARK : There is no watermark
IMPERFORATE : With varied margins available
SHEETS: 100 stamps each
.
CLASSIFICATION OF AZAD HIND ISSUES :
1. THE GENERAL ISSUE :
Planned for use in India by the National Government, these stamps were printed
in the State Printing Works in Berlin 1943. Those were designed by one of the
top husband and wife teams, Axter-Heudtlass. All of the General Issue stamps
contained surcharges. One million of each stamp were printed.
The finished stamps, but no transport arrived at the printing works to take them to India, these stayed in storage until the end of the war.
These stamps remained
unfinished, they never made it to the perforation stage before the project was
halted. Unknown how many stamps printed imperf.
2. THE ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS ISSUE :
The stamps for the Andaman and Nicobar islands, where the Provisional
Government had its seat, were printed not only in different colors, but
contained no surcharge. Half million of each stamp printed perforated i.e. in a finished state, but like the others stayed in storage.
The set in its perf and imperf states, note without surcharge and the colors have been changed.
The Andaman and Nicobar
Islands continued to use existing British stamps even under the Azad Hind
Government, these two contained overprints "10" and "20" as
a surcharge and were only overprinted on these islands.
3. THE ONE RUPEE STAMP:
The one Rupie stamp caused printing problems due to three colors being used,
the stamps went through printing three times, once for each color. Stamps exist
with one, two or all three colors, most are off-centre. The three colors were
due to the fact that the flag contains an orange and a green stripe. All of
these stamps were imperf and only a very small amount containing the orange
color were gummed.
A. Black: First stage in printing, 4.500 stamps were discovered in this stage. B. Black Orange: Second color added. 2.000 stamps had only the orange added. C. Black/Orange/Green: All 3 colors, the almost finished product, 7.000 stamps reached B. this stage.
D. Black/Orange/Green: Colors totally off centre, this one would have
been rejected by the postal services had it reached India, it is also from
my own collection.
Note : The colors are not the same shades and none are really where they
should be on the stamp design. The One Rupie Stamp is very expensive for
philatelists
4. AZAD HIND POST-WAR :
Most foreign volunteers who fought for the Axis powers in WW2 had problems
after the war, seen as renegades or common criminals. Not so the Azad Hind,
they returned to a free nationalist India as heroes! The only other country to
experience this after WW2 were the Spanish when the remnants of the Blue
Division returned to Madrid.
After the war, a considerable amount of AZAD HIND labels / stamps were stolen by allied soldiers from the German Printing House in Berlin and put into circulation on the philatelic market.
CHALO DELHI PROPGANDA STAMPS :
In 1944,as the INA had its intense activities in Burma and was planning for its final march across Indian border, it was probably thought that possibility to bring stock of stamps printed in Germany in time, two more stamps were hurriedly printed in Rangoon. These stamps featured one corner of wall of Red Fort in Delhi and had denominations of “1pice” and “1 anna” and carried the inscription “Arzi Hakumate Azad Hind”, Provisional Govt. of Free India”, and the slogan “CHALO DELHI” slogan. Both denominations have come across in two sizes.
The
story behind Chalo Delhi stamps goes back to when the INA in triumph
of their mission to free India from British rule reached the eastern border of India
(Imphal) passing through Burma and planned to move on
to Delhi, "Chalo Delhi" (on to Delhi) was their motto. There were
also provisional stamps issued and (used?) by the INA troops while attacking
Imphal.
There is certainly a direct
relation between the Azad Hind stamps and Chalo Delhi stamps as these were
printed as part of the same movement of INA i.e. AZAD HIND…..liberation of
India from British though were printed in different countries at different
times. Azad Hind stamps were printed in Germany under approval of German Postal
Authorities and were printed in good quantity in 1943 and whereas Chalo Delhi
Stamps were printed in Rangoon, Burma in 1944. However, the purpose of issuance
of these stamps was the same i.e. propaganda first and later usage for payment of
postage. Also, the soul of the message given by these stamps is same i.e. the
exile of British and the want of freedom of India.
Indian National Army, 1944, "CHALO DELHI" issues, from the
Imphal-Kohima campaign, Different color : 1 Piece violet, 1 Piece dark purple and 1 Anna green,
1P.
IMPACT OF INA ON PHILATELY AFTER INDEPENDENCE :
Formation, activities and struggle of INA has left a great impact on Indian philately as after the independence of India, India Post has issued stamps depicting Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad Hind flag and Slogans in commemoration of Netaji.s birth anniversary and the Azad Hind Fauz.
On 23rd January 1964, when Bose would have turned 67, India released a
set of stamps in his honor, 15 np showing Bose in military uniform, and 55 np
showing Bose and the Indian flag. In
1968 the 25th anniversary of AZA HIND was commemorated by a 20-np stamp
depicting Bose while reading the Declaration of Independence.
On 31st December 1993 the 50th anniversary of INA was commemorated. Two more stamps were issued in 1997: on 23rd January a stamp of 1 rupee was issued in commemoration of his birth centenary, and later that same year a stamp commemorating the 50th anniversary of the war trial in 1947 against three leading INA-officers, a Hindu, a Sikh, and a Muslim.
These stamps have certainly created a strong interest in the philatelists interested in Indian stamps and those in story of Indian freedom struggle, especially the INA’s role. These stamps need to be talked when there is discussion on Azad Hind and Chalo Delhi Stamps.
PHILATELIC NOTES:
1. The AZAD HIND stamps may be identified as Propaganda Labels or Semi Postal Stamps or Cinderella. But these are basically un-issued stamps but were intended to be used later as postage stamps after the liberation of India from the British by the I.N.A.(Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauz)
2. S. A . Ayer, former Minister of Publicity, Provisional Govt. of Azad Hind made a specific mention that Netaji Subhas personally approved the designs of the stamps. According to Col. Prem Saigal, Netaji’s private aide-de-camp in the far East, “The stamps were printed under the orders of Netaji himself. However, these ‘stamps were never used postally’.
3. Apart from color varieties and colour variations, one can find varied margins in imperforate stamps too..
4. The failure of the Free Indian Army to achieve any military success left the stamps without a reason for use, and the entire issue remained in storage in Europe at the end of the war. None of the stamps was ever placed in for postal use.
5. The imperforate stamps has improper margins and cuts. Clear evidences of stamp sheets cut later to form imperforate stamps or stamps cut at the printing bureau during their printing are there.
6. Postwar forgeries exist, printed offset rather than photogravure, with a washed-out and little unclear appearance; in these forgeries, the "Ax-Heu" designers' mark is found missing or very blurred. So-called "proofs" were produced by Sam Tiger Productions of Thailand in the mid-1990s. The High Values in the issues are shown below. The stamp on the left is genuine while the one on the right is a forgery.
EXAMPLES OF POSTAL / PHILATELIC USAGE OF THE STAMPS
Usage of Azad Hind Stamps
after Independence of India
(Azad
Hind Stamps on Cover duly cancelled)
FINAL REMARKS:
1. The Azad Hind Stamps are Semi postal, Propaganda Labels, or Cinderella in one way but un-issued postal stamps in another manner. Though Michel has listed and valued these stamps but some other reputed catalogues like Scott has not listed these stamps. But these stamps are highly recommended for collection.
2. These stamps are viewed as interesting and probably low-risk speculation. In the coming years, the "serious" stamp-collecting population of Indians will number in the millions and is expected that enough of these new collectors will want the Azad Hind Flag stamps to push their values dramatically upward.
3. Out of all nine stamps it is felt that1R+2R stamp is exceptional because of its historical significance, its scarcity, and its compelling potential dual market for collectors of both India and Germany. Bose and the I.N.A. are not well known in the West, but his role in the struggle for independence has been recognized by India, which has issued five postage stamps commemorating him and his army.
4. While none of the issue of AZAD HIND series of stamps is known to have been genuinely used for appropriate postal purpose, it has been gathered that a small number of the “CHALO DELHI” stamps, in smaller size, had actually been used in border areas of Manipur State, temporarily occupied by the Indian National Army, before it finally withdrew into Burma and surrendered.
5. It seems that except three of the denominations viz ½ anna,1anna and 2.5 anna, the “AZAD HIND” stamps were in the nature of semi postals, probably meant to be used for fundraising measures for the “free Government.”, and had the values split into two parts- the first part indicating the postage and second the amount of donation to the fund.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The
sole purpose of this article is to give brief information to the readers
about Azad Hind Stamps. There is no professional interest behind this. Various
articles by individuals, auctions, sites, chat boards etc. have form various net sources have been referred and images copied. While
seeking their co-operation, the author thanks every one for the same.
:
Naresh Agrawal: email: nareshkumar1992@yahoo.co.in WhatsApp : 9425530514
STUDY OF PERFORATIONS ON MINIATURE SHEETS OF INDIA
INTRODUCTION
TO PERFORATION:
Perforation is
a process of separating two stamps apart. Perforation was introduced in the
year 1854 in England and in the year 1857 in the United States for the first time.
THERE
ARE TWO DIFFERENT PRINCIPLES OF APPLYING SEPARATIONS (PERFORATIONS ) – STROKE
AND ROTARY.
Stroke
Perforation:
Stroke separation (perforation) is affected by
a blow or pressure upon the paper held on a flat support. In Britain, this
method of perforation was patented by Henry Archer in 1848.
Rotary
Perforation:
Rotary
separation (perforation) is affected by passing the paper between rotating
wheels or cylinders. William Bemrose and Henry Bemrose secured a patent for the rotary process in 1854.
These
principles of separation have been in continuous use for stamps, and have not altered fundamentally to the present day. Archer's principle of perforating was
officially adopted by England in the year 1854. British colonies including
Indian stamps were also perforated with the same principle of stroke
perforation. In the United States, since 1857 stamps have always been perforated
by use of the Bemrose principle.
PERFORATIONS
ARE FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES.
Line
Perforation:
Line
perforation falls into two main groups. In the first group, only a single line
of perforation holes is made in the paper at one operation, and such
perforation is, sometimes, termed “single line perforation”. In the second
group, several lines (two or more) of perforation are made in the paper along
the same direction at one operation termed “multiple-line perforation”.
Comb
Perforation:
When
perforation is applied to three sides of the stamp or raw of stamps at a single
operation of machine is called comb perforation. The term “comb” was adopted
philatelically because the effect on the paper of a single stroke somewhat
resembles in appearance of a comb with widely spaced teeth. The long row of
holes is referred to as ‘”the line “and the short, wide spaced rows at
right-angles to the line are referred to as “the legs”’
Comb perforation falls into two main groups:
First group: In the first group only a single row of
perforations, comprising a line and legs, is made in the paper at one
operation. It is called Single comb perforation.
Second group: In the second group one or more rows or
columns of stamps are perforated on all sides, and an additional row or column
is provided with perforation between the stamps, so that the last row or column
is imperforate throughout one edge.
A double comb,
at one operation, perforates one row or column of stamps on all sides and
provides perforations (the legs) between the stamps in the next row or column.
A triple comb
at one operation perforates two rows or columns of stamps on all sides and
provides perforations (the legs) between the stamps in the next row or column.
Likewise
Quadruple- comb, Quintuple-comb exists. In normal philatelic term, more than one
comb perforation can be called as multiple-comb.
Harrow
Perforation:
When perforation is applied to a whole pane or a sheet at
one time or at a single stroke is called Harrow perforation. Pins are arranged
crosswise in a honeycomb fashion.
Block
Perforation:
It refers to the perforation of a block of stamps
of usually 4 to 6 stamps at a time. The shape of stamp is usually square or
rectangular. This type is usually
followed for Miniature Sheets.
CHARACTERISTIC
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PERFORATIONS:
Line perforation: stamps having irregular corners of the
stamps.
Comb peroration: Three sides completely aligned and can
be distinguished with the fourth side sometimes found unaligned or irregular.
Harrow perforation: All the corners of stamps are perfectly
aligned.
Block perforation: All corners of stamps perfectly
aligned.
In British colonies as well as in Europe stroke perforation was accepted for perforating stamps. India being under British influence stroke perforation process was accepted and used in general. All the stamps and miniature sheets are perforated with stroke perforation. Perforating stamp sheets are relatively easy in comparison with miniature sheets.
PROCESS
OF MINIATURE SHEET PRODUCTION:
Let
us first understand the process of Miniature Sheet production. In India, M.S are
produced by two security press.
India Security Press,
Nashik: Miniature
Sheets are printed in sheet form machine, then it is sent for perforation in
the sheet form, then it is cut into individual Miniature Sheets.
Security Printing Press,
Hyderabad: Miniature
sheets are printed in web form machines, then it is cut into sheet form ( pane
of Miniature Sheets as per layout), then it is sent for perforation in sheet
form and then it is cut into individual Miniature Sheets.
Conclusively
M.S are printed then sent for perforation and then cut into individual pieces.
PERFORATING MINIATURE SHEETS:
Perforating a Miniature Sheet is different from perforating a stamp sheet. Miniature sheets are
issued in a variety of shapes and sizes. Number of stamps involved in each M.S
varies from 1 to 18. Also Number of M.S involved per printing sheet differs as
per size, shape and number of stamps per M.S. It is generally from 4ups to
25ups (here ups refers to number of M.S in a single printing sheet) per
printing sheet depending upon the size of M.S and layout or format of printing.
Layout or Format of printing sheets exists in vertical format, horizontal
format, format in the form of two panes & four panes with margin in
between, diagonal format, close format & also format with space between two
M.S.
After printing,
the M.S are perforated on special perforating machines which have special
perforating dies known as male and female which create perfect hole or
perforation. A special die is prepared for each issue as per size shape and
number of M.S in printing sheet. The
male die is usually a solid pin while the female die is a hollow pin pipe-like
structure. The combination of the male and female dies creates the perfect
hole. Normally 10 to 12 M.S printing sheets are fed to the machine to get
desired design of perforation. Miniature sheets are cut into individual pieces
after perforation is done.
Different M.S
requires different types of perforations. The common technique followed is comb
perforation. If there are more stamps in the M.S then multiple line perforation
is used. Block perforation is also used if the stamps are usually rectangular
or square. In many case combination of perforations are also used and M.S sheet
has to go through perforation machine more than two to three times. Due to this
complexity, there are many chances of misregistration of perforation and which
in turn creates interesting perforation errors.
It also opens the door for a philatelist to study and do research of
perforation involved in different M.S.
Details of
which perforations are used to perforate M.S are not disclosed by the Department of
Posts. In absence of such information, the collector has to depend upon self-study
and research based on his collection and the material available in the market. This is where the journey of a philatelist starts
and he/she tries to explore the unexplored.
Many
perforation errors are found in the Miniature Sheets of India, some are minor or common errors but
there are some very interesting and major perforation errors that require
attention or study of how it happens and unfolds the story of how that
particular M.S was perforated and also a reason behind the error. I will be
showing this through a study of some issues.
India has
issued 264 miniature sheets so far. The very first M.S INDIPEX 73 was issued
imperf. After that M.S like the Indian mask
series, universal postal union, and India 89 were perforated with line perforation.
1995 Mahatma Gandhi onwards block perforation was introduced in M.S. Later on
comb perforation was used to perforate M.S.
In the year
2002 for the first time, Mangroves M.S was issued with ELLIPTICAL perforation.
India used elliptical perforation in only two M.S so far including Golden
voices of yesteryear M.S in the year 2003. Usually preparing this perforation
is more expensive than the line perforation and comb perforation and hence
maybe not continued further. Most of the miniature sheets of India are
perforated with comb perforation, line perforation, the combination of both, and
block perforation.
It requires a
book to write a study of perforation on each M.S, hence here I am showing a study
of only a few significant items with perforation errors in M.S. and which in
turn shows how was it perforated.
Primarily it is observed that
10 categories of different combinations of perforations are used by printing
press to perforate miniature sheets.
1)
LINE PERFORATION AND OR MULTIPLE LINE PERFORATION:
Many M.S falls under this category.
Children’s Day
2010 M.S was perforated with multiple line perforations. It was perforated in
three strokes.
v
Once
middle stamp & bottom stamp perforated vertically together in one stroke.
v
Once
side two stamps ( left stamp & right stamp ) marginally perforated together
vertically in one stroke
v
Once
all the stamps perforated horizontally together in one stroke.
An interesting
error occurred when few Miniature Sheets skipped one of the three processes as
follows.
Figure: 1
Figure 1 Shows
side two stamps marginal vertical perforation missing.
Figure: 2
Figure 2 shows
the middle vertical perforation missing making the upper three stamps imperf
between.
2)
COMB PERFORATION AND LINE PERFORATION:
Light House
2012 M.S was perforated with a combination of comb perforation and a line
perforation. It was perforated in two strokes.
v
Once
both the stamps are perforated with comb perforation in one stroke.
v
Once the bottom of both the stamps are perforated with the horizontal line in one stroke.
Following are examples of interesting errors that occurred in the M.S. due to missing one of
the processes and also sometimes going through the same process more than once.
Figure: 3
Figure 3 Shows
comb perforation missing in the miniature sheet resulting to imperf from three
sides.
Figure: 4
Figure 4 shows
double horizontal perforation result of either going twice through the same
process or due to paper stuck in the machine.
Figure: 5
Figure 5 shows
multiple horizontal perforations at the top and the bottom of M.S due to M.S
going through more than twice through the process, paper stuck in the machine
and also misfeed of M.S (upside down) in the machine.
3)
DOUBLE COMB PERFORATION AND LINE PERFORATION:
Fairs of India
2007 M.S perforated with double comb perforation and a line perforation in two
strokes.
v
Once
Double comb perforation used from left to right.
v
Once
Vertical single line perforation used on right side.
The conclusion has arrived from the many
different errors and varieties the author has gone through since it was issued.
Following interesting errors and varieties occurred due to various reasons in
this M.S
Double comb
perforation punched twice variety occurred where once it was registered
perfectly but due to bald tooth or lack of pressure control, it could not
penetrate paper perfectly and hence perforated second time but it was
misregistered or paper shifted down ( misplaced) resulting to different design
of stamps. Blind perforations are visible in the M.S. Vertical line perforation
was punched once on right side of M.S. please see Figures 6 & 7.
Figure: 6
Double comb perforation punched twice.
Figure: 7 Blind
perforations.
In another
example, comb perforation punched once and vertical line perforation punched
thrice with two times misplaced perforation as visible in figure 8.
Figure: 8
Vertical line perforation punched thrice.
Very desirable
error for every collector as shown in figure 9 where M.S skipped comb
perforation and hence first two stamps are completely imperf and right stamps
have only one single line perforation.
Figure: 9
Double comb perforation missing.
Here comes an
interesting error with misplaced perforation. In this M.S vertical line
perforation is visible on its place at right side of M.S. Comb perforation was
supposed to be punched from left to right but paper was misplaced upside-down
(reversed) and shifted left. This results to comb perforation punched right to
left in the M.S and also see the effect on top and bottom margin of M.S. Secondly first vertical line of comb
perforation punched out of M.S and second vertical perforation along with partial
horizontal perforation visible. Shown in figure 10.
Figure: 10
Horizontally partial imperf. Vertical perforation on right margin and other
sides vertically imperf, right stamps bisected.
4)
DOUBLE COMB PERFORATION, SINGLE COMB PERFORATION AND LINE PERFORATION:
The Great
Trigonometrical Survey 2004 M.S was perforated with combination of double comb
perforation, a comb perforation and a vertical line perforation in 3 strokes.
v
Once
first two stamps from left to write perforated with double comb perforation.
v
Once
second to third stamps perforated with a single comb perforation from left to
right.
v
Once
last stamp vertically perforated with line perforation.
Figure: 11
Figure 11
distinctly shows the misalignment of all the three processes. Also visible last
perforation of single comb pin misaligned. Very few examples exist of minor
misalignment of perforation in this issue.
5)
TWO SINGLE COMB PERFORATION AND ONE SINGLE LINE PERFORATION:
Zoological
Survey of India 2015 M.S was perforated with the combination of two single comb
perforations and a line perforation in three strokes.
v
Once
left stamp perforated with single comb from left to right.
v
Once
right stamp perforated with single comb left to right.
v
Once
right stamp perforated marginally with vertical single line perforation.
Figure: 12
Figure 12 left
comb perforation missing.
Figure: 13
Figure 13 Right
stamp comb perforation missing.
6)
SINGLE BLOCK PERFORATION:
Many miniature
sheets are perforated with single block perforation in single stroke.
Emperor &
Empress of Japan’s Visit 2013 M.S & Children’s Day 2017 M.S was perforated
with block peroration. Conclusion has arrived from many different examples.
Figure: 14
Figure 14 shows
the bottom imperf due misregistration of block perforation.
Figure: 15
Figure 15 shows
stamp imperf due to reverse block perforation.
Many
interesting varieties are seen in many different M.S like Vibrant India 2016
M.S, and Tourism of India 2016 M.S which were also perforated with single block
perforation
7)
DOUBLE BLOCK PERFORATION AND OR MULTIPLE BLOCK PERFORATION IN SINGLE STROKE:
Archaeological
Survey of India 2011 M.S is perforated with double block perforation in single
stroke.
Figure: 16
Figure 16 Shows
double block perforation missing.
Figure: 17
Figure 17 shows
perforated twice. Once on right place and second time misregistration of
perforation due to misfeed of paper or paper stuck in the machine.
Swachh Bharat
2015 M.S is also an example of multiple block perforation. Many M.S are
perforated with this process.
8)
BLOCK PERFORATION AND LINE PERFORATION:
Women
Empowerment 2015 M.S was perforated with double block perforation and line
perforations in 5 strokes.
v
Middle
two stamps perforated with double block perforation in one stroke.
v
Side
two stamps top side perforated with horizontal line perforation together in one
stroke.
v
Side
two stamps bottom side perforated with horizontal line perforation together in
one stroke.
v
Right
side stamp perforated with single vertical line perforation in one stroke.
v
Left
side stamp perforated with single vertical line perforation in one stroke
The conclusion has arrived from many different perforation errors the author has come through. A
separate detailed article is under preparation for the same. The following three
examples are results of the one of the processes missing out of 5 processes.
Figure: 18
Figure 18 shows
middle double block perforation missing.
Figure: 19
Figure 19 shows
side two stamps bottom horizontal perforation missing.
Figure: 20
Figure 20 Shows
right side stamp vertical line perforation missing.
9)
COMBINATION OF BLOCK PERFORATION AND COMB PERFORATION:
Legendary
Singers of India 2016 M.S was perforated with multiple block perforation and
comb perforations in three strokes.
v
Once
upper 6 stamps are perforated with multiple block perforation in one stroke.
v
Once
vertical middle 2 stamps perforated with comb perforation in one stroke.
v
Once
bottom two stamps perforated with comb perforation in one stroke.
Figure: 21
Figure 21 top
multiple block perforation is missing.
Figure: 22
Figure 22 Side
all 4 stamps comb perforation missing. Missing two strokes.
Figure: 23
Figure 23
Bottom 2 stamps comb perforation missing one stroke.
Many more
examples with perforation shift also exist in the issue.
10)
TWO BLOCK PEFORATION IN TWO STROKES:
Children’s Day
2017 M.S was perforated with two separate block perforation in two strokes.
v
Once
left t stamp perforated with vertical single block perforation.
v
Once
right stamp perforated with horizontal block perforation.
Figure: 24
Figure 24 is
example of vertical block perforation got reversed due to misfeed of paper
resulting to right stamp double perforated with vertical and horizontal block
perforation. Left stamp imperf.
In the year
2018 India issued first M.S with circular stamps on 150 Years of Mahatma
Gandhi, this was perforated with the block perforation. Also 150 Years of
Mahatma Gandhi 2019 the first M.S with octagonal stamps was perforated with
line perforation and block perforation in two strokes.
There have been
instances where different size of perforation hole is found in the same
miniature sheet. Some holes are bigger than others. Perforation gauge, Blind
perforation, multiple perforation, upside down or reverse perforations, zigzag
perforation, marginal perforation markings etc are very interesting part of
study in Miniature Sheets of India. All such interesting aspects are under
study and it can be taken up as a separate topic.
Conclusion
:
More than 264
M.S has been issued by the Department of Posts till now. There is considerable scope for
study and research with regard to perforating each M.S. This article is an
effort to create a platform for the further study of Miniature Sheets of India.
It is an ongoing study and I am learning something new every day. Any input and any new information regarding
the subject from the readers will be highly appreciated.
References: Fundamentals
of Philately by L.N.Williams, Study of ISP exhibit during MAHAPEX 2016, Seminar
conducted by KPS.
About the author
Dharmesh
Katakia is a philatelist from Mumbai. He collects British
India and has participated in state and national-level philatelic exhibitions. Now concentrating on Miniature sheets of India
for which he won Silver Medal in INPEX 2017 & Large Silver Medal in INPEX
2019. He is a life member of PSI, EIPS, KPS and PCI and India Study Circle. He
may be contacted at E-mail: vansh7510@yahoo.com M: 9820035396 / 9920978807
For Contributors : Guidelines for the article
1. The article should be a maximum of 10 pages (A4 size) including
images in MS word only. Long articles, if accepted, will be published in parts.
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Beginners’ Section
The First Crossword Puzzle
On December 21, 1913, the first modern crossword
puzzle was published in the New York World. It began a
popular hobby that is still enjoyed around the world over 100 years later.
Word puzzles were popular in the 1800s. “Cross
word puzzle” was first used in the US in the 1862 magazine, Our Young
Folks. There were also Double Diamond Puzzles in St. Nicholas magazine
as early as 1873. In Italy, a word puzzle was published in the
magazine Il Secolo Illustrato della Domenica and titled “To
pass the time.” Early British crossword puzzles in children’s magazines
used a word square in which words were arranged so they read the same way
vertically and horizontally.
US #3183l – Fleetwood First Day
Cover
The first crossword puzzle as we know it today, was create
by journalist Arthur Wynne for the New York World. First
published on Sunday, December 21, 1913, he titled it “FUN’s Word-Cross
Puzzle.” The puzzle was arranged in a diamond shape with the instructions
“Fill in the small squares with words which agree with the following
definitions.”
At one point, an illustrator reverse the words and it
became known as a “cross-word.” Wynne’s puzzle proved popular with
readers and they became a weekly feature in the paper. Soon other papers
created their own puzzles. The Pittsburgh Press introduced
theirs in 1916 and the Boston Globe in 1917. Simon and
Schuster published the first book of crossword puzzles in 1924 and the word
“crossword” was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in
1933.
US #3183l – Classic First Day
Cover
Despite
their popularity, crossword puzzles also had their critics. Librarians at
the New York Public Library complained that “the puzzle ‘fans’ swarm to the
dictionaries and encyclopedia’s so as to drive away readers and students who
need these books in their daily work, can there be any doubt of the Library’s
duty to protect its legitimate readers?” The New York Times called
the puzzles a “sinful waste… a primitive form of mental exercise.” For
years, the Times called crossword puzzles a fad that they
expected to pass. Then in 1942, they began publishing crosswords to
provide readers with an enjoyable distraction from the news of World War II.
US #3183l – Mystic First Day
Cover
During
World War II, crosswords in Britain’s The Daily Telegraph caused
quite a stir. Leonard Dawe, headmaster of Strand School created these
puzzles for the paper. The school was evacuated to Effingham, Surrey,
next to a large Allied military camp. The camp reportedly had minimal
security and the soldiers and students spoke freely. Dawe often called on
his students to put words into his puzzles, for which he would later provide
clues.
US #2838c – A series of British
crossword puzzles including D-Day codewords was investigated as possible
espionage in 1944!
In 1942,
a crossword included the word Dieppe a day before the Dieppe raid. After
an investigation, the War Office concluded it was just a coincidence.
Then in May and June 1944, the puzzle included several answers that were
codewords in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. These words included Gold,
Sword, Juno, Utah, and Omaha (code names for the landing beaches), Overlord
(the invasion was called Operation Overlord), Mulberry (the Allies would build
Mulberry harbours at Normandy), and Neptune (the codename for the D-Day
landings).
MI5 then
arrested Dawe and interrogated him extensively, eventually finding him
innocent. He later spoke to one of his students who had a book filled
with codewords and ordered him to destroy it and stressed the importance of
secrecy for national security.
US #4358 – The Alzheimer’s
Association says that doing regular crosswords can help alleviate or avoid
Alzheimer’s.
Source : Mystic Stamp Co.
New issues
from other countries
Aland
4 January 2023:
Franking labels from Åland
feast on the garden's berries
On January 4, Åland Post issues a new series of self-adhesive franking labels. The theme is garden berries and the Finnish artist Mari Oksanen illustrates her first postage stamps showing four delicate berry varieties grown in Åland gardens. The four berry varieties on the franking labels are black currant ( Ribes nigrum ), raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), gooseberry ( Ribes uva-crispa ) and strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ).
Estonia
6 January 2023 : St. Elizabeth’s Church in
Parnu
St. Elizabeth’s Church in Pärnu was completed in 1747
but consecrated only in 1750 due to interior works. The church got its current
shape in 1893, when a transept was added to the church. The church was
reconsecrated on 19 October 1893.
Iraq
6 January 2023 : 25th Arabian Gulf Cup in Basra (first
series)
8 January 2023 : 25th Arabian
Gulf Cup in Basra (second series)
Jersey
5 January 2023 :
Lunar New Year of the Rabbit
Latvia
17 January 2023 : Flowers
Monaco
10 January 2023 : 2023 10th New Generation
10th New Generation
New Generation is a competition designed for young
circus performers. It’s the only circus competition for young performers to
take place in a true circus ring, created in 2012 by the organizing committee
of the Festival International du Cirque de Monte-Carlo. H.S.H Princess
Stephanie is the Honorary President and her daughter Pauline DUCRUET is the
President of the international Jury. In 2023, the
Festival and New Generation will come together in the circus ring for the first
time to celebrate the Grand Jubilee shows.
9 January 2023 : 45th Monte-Carlo
International Circus Festival
45th Monte-Carlo International Circus Festival
The 45th Monte-Carlo
International Circus Festival and the 10th New Generation Circus will be held
at the famous Fontvieille Big Top from 20 to 29 January 2023. After being
deprived of a Festival in 2021 and 2022, the public will be able to rediscover
all the magic of the circus as we mark these two anniversaries. The two events
will merge on occasion to put on an exceptional show bringing together acts
from both the International Circus Festival and the New Generation Circus.
There will be a single competition programme with some of the best acts in the
world, judged by an international jury of circus professionals.
New Zealand
1 February 2023 : Katherine Mansfield
Thailand
12 December 2022: New Year 2023
USA
12 January 2023 : Lunar New Year : Year of Rabbit
19 January 2023 :
Love 2023
Lunar New Year - Year of
the Rabbit
The fourth of 12 stamps in the latest Lunar New Year stamp series celebrates the Year of the Rabbit. Calling to mind the elaborately decorated masks used in the dragon or lion dances often performed in Lunar New Year parades, this three-dimensional mask depicting a rabbit is a contemporary take on the long tradition of paper-cut folk art crafts created during this auspicious time of year. The rabbit mask design incorporates colors and patterns with symbolic meaning. Art director Antonio Alcalá designed the stamp and pane with original art by Camille Chew.
Philatelic
Clubs & Societies
Prayag Philatelic Society - https://prayagphilatelicsociety.org/
Ananthapuri
Philatelic Association, Thiruvanthapuram
Baroda Philatelic
Society - http://www.vadophil.org/
Chandigarh
Philatelic Club
Deccan Philatelic
Society – Pune, Maharashtra
Eastern India
Philatelists’ Association -http://www.filacapsule.blogspot.com/
The
Hyderabad Philatelic and Hobbies Society
India Study
Circle - http://www.indiastudycircle.org/
Indian Thematic
Society, Ludhiana -http://indianthematicstamps.webs.com/
Ludhiana
Philatelic Club
Numismatic & Philatelic Association of Vellore
Fort
http://numismaticphilavellore.site40.net/index.htm
Philatelic
Congress of India - http://www.philateliccongressofindia.com/
Philatelic
Society of Rajasthan, Jaipur
Philatelic
Society of India , Mumbai : http://www.psi1897.com/
Orissa Philatelic
Association, Mail id-: orissaphilatelic@gmail.com
Rainbow Stamp
Club -http://rainbowstampclub.blogspot.com/
Rajkot Philatelic
Society – Rajkot, Gujarat
Gujarat
Philatelic Association - Ahmedabad
South India
Philatelists Association - http://www.sipa.net.in/
The Army
Philatelic Society, Pune
Stamps of India –
http://www.stampsofindia.com
Blogs & Websites
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Current
Philatelic Magazines – Newsletters
-VADOPHIL, Editor - Prashant
Pandya &TimirShah and published by Baroda Philatelic Society, Vadodara.
Website -http://www.vadophil.org/
-ITS Stamp News - Quarterly - Editor: Suraj Jaitly Publisher: Indian Thematic
Society website - http://itsstampnews.blogspot.com/
-Ananthpuri Stamp Bulletin - Monthly e -stamp bulletin of Anathapuri Philatelic
Association, Thiruvanthapuram
-Journal of the Army Philatelic Society
-India Post – Quarterly Journal of the India Study Circle publishes original
articles submitted by members of ISC.
-Deccan Philatelist edited by Dr Anjali Dutta email : dranjalidutta0303@gmail.com from Deccan Philatelic Society, Pune.
-The Hyderabad Philatelist from Hyderabad Philatelic and Hobbies Society Editor
– Shri Prakash Agrawal
-SIPA Bulletin issued by South India Philatelists’ Association
Acknowledgment
- Ananthapuri Stamp Bulletin February 2023 issue edited by
Mohanachandran Nair email : apa.tvpm@gmail.com
- Judaica Thematic Society , UK . February 2023 Newsletter edited by Gary Goodman email :
judaicathematicsociety@talktalk.net
- Vadophil Issue No.170-171 Edited by Prashant Pandya and Timir
Shah Email : vadophil@gmail.com
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